Clinical Thinking and Critical Judgement Essay - 1100 Words

Qualitative Article Critique Critical thinking and clinical judgment are important skills that professional nurses use in every day clinical setting. In 2012, a mix method qualitative study by Dr. Jeanne Mann was done to evaluate the effectiveness of educational strategy to develop clinical judgment skills in nursing students. In this study, the population was identified as volunteered Level II baccalaureate nursing students from a Midwest nursing program. The variables identified in this article are the relation between critical thinking and clinical judgment. The title of the article clearly indicated the focus of the study and created an interest in reading the research due to nurses utilize their ability to critical think and†¦show more content†¦The oldest reference was in 1997 and the most recent reference was in 2009. References that are older than five years are considered outdated. The current Knowledge________ Framework or Theoretical Perspective The framework was explicitly expressed. Tanner’s Theory of Clinical Judgment provides a framework for this study (Mann, 2012). The framework identified, defined, and described relationships among the concepts of interest. Why_______ Research Questions There were two questions developed for the purpose of this research. According to Mann (2012), the two questions were as following: (1) How do nursing students use critical thinking skills and clinical judgment to resolve a healthcare dilemma? (2) Does grand rounds as an educational strategy promote development of critical thinking and clinical judgment in nursing students? Variables The major study variables in this investigation were critical thinking and clinical judgment skill of nursing students. Critical thinking was operationally defined with the ATI Critical Thinking Test and clinical judgment was operationally defined with the Lasater’s Clinical Judgment Rubric (Mann, 2012). The independent variable was identified as the Level II baccalaureate nursing students. The dependent variable was identified as the critical thinking and clinical judgment skills of the nursing students. The demographic variables included the gender and age of theShow MoreRelatedNursing Reflection Paper1150 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking and clinical reasoning are essential for a sound clinical judgement. Nurses use critical thinking models and processes to support and organize the interventions that they perform in the clinical setting. In the scenario of Mr. Patient requesting for a DNR order, I used the nursing process to formulate appropriate nursing actions an d the lasater’s clinical judgment model guide my reflection. In this paper, I will describe the skills that was used in relation to nursing processRead MoreCritical Thinking And Learning Are Interrelated Lifelong Processes1631 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Thinking and learning are interrelated lifelong processes† (Institute, 2013). The knowledge and every day experiences gained in the nursing profession, help nurses’ to make thoughtful and appropriate decisions. Nurses are constantly involved in making decisions within their practice. These decisions are constantly affected by situations where there is no single or absolutely correct response, therefor critical thinking, reflective practice and analysing in health are three of the key componentsRead MoreCritical Thinking And Clinical Reasoning1163 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are terms often used interchangeably throughout the history of nursing. However, they are not the same, and distinguishing the difference amongst them is important. The purpose of this paper is to define critical thinking and clinical reasoning, discuss each concepts similarities and differences, as well as share this author’s perspective on how critical thinking and clinical reasoning have developed and evolved throughoutRead MoreNursing: Essential Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge, skills and attitudes to make sound judgement and decisions. This essay describes some of the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes of nursing and discusses why they are essential attributes of a competent nurse. Nursing knowledge and clinical skills These are obvious essentials for nursing practice. Nurses are required to perform many clinical tasks, for instance physical assessments and injections, which require competent clinical skills to ensure safe outcomes for patients. ARead MoreIdentify the stages of the Nursing Process and the skills essential to the Nursing Process1672 Words   |  7 Pagesand Evaluation. The skills: Communication, Observation, Critical Thinking and Reflection involved within the nursing process in partnership with the patient will also be highlighted. The first stage of the nursing process is assessment. This is a continuous process from hospital admission to discharge. It is about compiling objective and subjective information related to patients, through skills of communication, observation and clinical knowledge and interpretation for decision making (Baath 2011)Read MoreNurse Residency Programs And Retention Rates956 Words   |  4 Pagesturnover rate to new nurses’ lack of competency to handle conflict, make critical decisions, and function autonomously (Bratt). Many of the new graduates are disappointed with the hospital’s orientation, or lack thereof. 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The purpose of this essay is to critically analyse the concept of reflection and to find out if it is an essential component to nursing practise in the transition from student nurseRead MoreSimulation Of Nursing Education : A Literature Review1712 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment and people. Simulation is another teaching method that expands on the traditional classroom. It expands the students experience as a learner. A learner can participate in simulation and learn through hands on experience integrating critical thinking and adaptation rather than strictly learning based on content delivery as it is ofte n the case in the classroom. (Brown Bostic, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to review and report on how Kolb’s Learning Theory is integrated into simulationRead MoreThe Synergy Model For Patient Care1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe synergy model for patient care was created by a panel of nurses from the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) during the early 1990s (Hardin, 2013). The synergy model for patient care is a nursing model that is widely used in evidence-based research and nursing practice. This model is predominantly used in the critical care setting and was created as a framework for certified nursing practice (McEwen, 2014). Theory Classification It is categorized as a middle range theory, butRead MoreMy Motivation Pursue An Advanced Practice Degree841 Words   |  4 PagesEach unit provided me with the knowledge and skill sets necessary to be a proficient nurse. While l was opening my mind to different aspects of critical care nursing with every new opportunity, I was also being inspired to pursue an advanced practice nursing degree in Anesthesia. I developed an interest in Nurse Anesthesia as a student nurse in my clinical rotation in the OR. While observing, I met an anesthesiology resident who took me under his wing and showed me what he did. He was extremely pleasant

The Five Pillars Of Islam - 1201 Words

The five pillars of Islam are five official acts considered mandatory for all Muslims. The Quran presents them as a structure of devotion and a sign of obligation to faith. One most accomplish them all to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. These pillars comprise of: Shahada which means the declaration of faith, preforming the five daily prayers, giving money to the needy and the poor, cleansing the soul through fasting during the month of Ramadan, the pilgrimage once in a lifetime to Mecca for those who are able. The first pillar of Islam, is Shahada, it is the most essential expressions of Islamic beliefs. The Shahada consists of two depositions. The first, â€Å"There is no god but God,† affirms belief in a single divine reality. The second, â€Å"Muhammad is the messenger of God,† affirms submission to God through accepting that Muhammed is the messenger of God. This simple yet deep declaration signifies acknowledgement not only of Allah and his prophet, but of the entirety of Islam. As one of the Pillars, the Shahada must be narrated accurately and loudly with full understanding and internal acceptance at least once in every Muslim s lifetime. Moreover, it emphasizes the monotheistic nature of Islam. The second Pillar, the prayer, also known as Salat. Adult Muslims are expected to pray five times a day: at dawn, midday, afternoon, sunset, and evening. Each Salat does not take more than five minutes to perform. Having particular times every day to be close toShow MoreRelatedThe Five Pillars Of Islam2378 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ The Five Pillars Of Islam Subject: Religious Education Name: Nathaniel Hall Date of Submission: April 9, 2014 Table Of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦2 The Shahadah†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.3 The Salat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The Zakat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 The Sawm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 The Hajj†¦..................................................................Read MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam989 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant Muslim practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. These duties are rooted in the teachings of the Qur’an and in the example of the prophet, Muhammad. Therefore, Muslims are expected to observe them with the utmost respect and devotion. These pillars form the foundation for all good deeds and acts of worship to God. And, carrying out the Five Pillars demonstrates that faith comes first. The profession of faith, shahadah, is the first of the Five Pillars. The shahada is the most fundamentalRead MoreFive Pillars Of Islam And Islam1119 Words   |  5 PagesFive Pillars of Islam All great things are built on a solid and strong foundation. The religion of Islam is no different. The foundation on which Islam was built is known as The Five Pillars of Islam. These are the essential duties that are required of all Muslims. The pillars are the shahadah (declaration of faith), salah (establishment of the five ritual prayers), zakah (almsgiving), sawm (fasting the month of Ramadan), and hajj (pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca). These five pillars are inRead MoreIslam : The Five Pillars Of Islam1412 Words   |  6 Pagesto reflect and cultivate their faith through practicing the Arkan al-Islam - the Five Pillars of Islam. Islam embraces the paradigm of submission to the will of Allah for adherents to understand their place in the universe. The pillars are a foundation for the Muslim faith as evident by Muhammad s statement of ‘Islam is built upon five [pillars]’ recorded in the Hadith 3. This entails the declaration of faith (Shahadah), the five dai ly prayers (Salat), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during the monthRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam Essay764 Words   |  4 Pagesal-Bukhari, fortunately, the five pillars of Islam are actually seen outlined within the very first Hadith. The Five pillars, according to Traditions and Encounters, are a framework of obligations present to help form a unified Islamic community (p.263-264); Muhammad himself, in the 38th hadith, describes the five pillars as the baseline obligations of a Muslim to please Allah and enter paradise. The first Hadith states thusly, â€Å"Allah’s Apostle said: Islam is based on five [principles]: 1. To testifyRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1591 Words   |  7 PagesIslam Notes The most important Muslim practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars of Islam are the five obligations that every Muslim must satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. The Five Pillars consist of: Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy Sawm: fasting during the month of RamadanRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1289 Words   |  6 Pagestrusted with something fulfill your trust, avoid sexual immorality, lower your gaze (out of modesty), and restrain your hands from injustice. One of the Five Pillars of Islam: the Pillar of faith, including belief in One God, belief in God’s scriptures, belief in God’s angels, belief in God’s messengers, and belief in the Day of Judgement. One of the five necessary purposes of Islamic law: God commands justice, doing good, and generosity towards relatives and He forbids what is shameful, blameworthyRead MoreIslam Five Pillars1344 Words   |  6 PagesExplain and analyse the significance of the Five Pillars of Islam on the individual and the community making reference to the principal beliefs where relevant. Central to the Muslim belief is the importance of devotion and total submission to Allah. This is put into practice through the Five Pillars of Islam –the five obligatory duties that must be performed by all practising Muslims. These are the acts of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Carrying out these duties creates structureRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Islam1322 Words   |  6 Pagesof guidelines for moral instruction that is central to all. These rules are called the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars serves as a moral compass for all Muslims and are universally accepted. They are mentioned specifically in the Qur’an as they were recited to Muhammad. The first of the Five Pillars is the creed. It states that, â€Å"There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger,†. This pillar is at the core for the Muslim faith. A person truly becomes a Muslim when he/she recitesRead MoreReligion : The Five Pillars Of Islam944 Words   |  4 PagesReligion: The Five Pillars of Islam Religion, in my words, is a term used to describe a personal set of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices but â€Å"the groups, practices and systems that people identify as religions are so diverse that it is no easy task to bring them all under one simple definition† (Anonymous. What Is Religion? Definitions and Quotes). Religion is considered to be a very important part of life; even people who choose to not practice a religion agree that it is.   No matter

Strategic Management for Formulation and Implementation

Question: Discuss about the case study Strategic Management for Formulation and Implementation. Answer: Introduction Nestle is a Swiss multinational food company headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is involved in supply nutritional and health related products and is the largest food company in terms of revenue. Its products include food products, baby products, chocolates, cereals, pet foods, snacks and many more items. Then operation of Nestle is spread in eighty-six countries that have four hundred and sixty one factories. The company came into existence in the year 1866 (Moura et al. 2015). Success of the company depends on its strategies itself. It is essential for the company to develop the strategies wisely in order to achieve its goals and objectives. Analyzing the performance of competitors in the market is essential for successful performance. It is essential for the company to analyze the external factors that affect the organization. The external factor is analyzed discussing industry competitive, threats and opportunities of the organization. Internal factor is analyzed to know the capability of the company to handle the resources efficiently (Eden and Ackermann 2013). Mission, vision, objectives The main vision of Nestle Company is to satisfy the needs of the consumers by providing them high quality goods and service as per their need. The mission is to provide best quality goods to its consumers from primary produce to suppliers to transportation to packaging (Nestle.com 2016). The mission is to provide nutritional food to consumers to meet the psychological needs of the consumers. The goods are provided based on lifestyle and individual taste and preference. The company aims at being one of the leading food and Beverage Company in Caribbean region. The company ensures that the good that reaches the consumers are available at competitive prices and maintains the long-term profitability and viability of the organization (Moura et al. 2015). Nestles purpose is to safe, tasty, convenient and nutritious foods to its consumers in order to improve health and well-being of the clients of all ages. The company uses the Research and development technique to fulfill its aims and objectives so that it able to develop a new product with specific health benefits. Nestle is friendly and efficient organization whose primary focus is on consumers. Customer satisfaction is the top most priority of the organization. It is also in tune with the corporate and social world and care for the environment as well. The company provided good working conditions to its employees with great benefits in order to keep the employees happy and satisfied. The company employs approximately 3330,000 employees (Kabir 2014). It is an innovative company aims at capturing the major market share across the globe. Figure: Logo of Nestle Company (Source: Nestle.com 2016). Environmental analysis PESTLE analysis Pestle analysis is a model that is used to analyze the external factors that affect the business. Figure: Pestle analysis (Source: Yksel 2012) Political/legal factors: Political factors play an important role in food industry. The products that Nestle supplies comes with a seal of guarantee that the product that the company provides is manufactured under hygienic condition. Strict quality control in food sector plays an essential role (Dey 2016). Economic factors: Nestle company helps the entrepreneurs compete in new free trade environment that ultimately helps the industry to grow in the market. The company collaborates with the government to provide technical assistance to farmers. The company helps the farmers for its benefit. The company will get good raw material for the production of products, which it does not have to import of the local farmers, are able to produce the product (Rachet 2014). Social factors: various social factors such as lifestyle income, status, and gender affect the buying behavior of the consumers. The aim of the company is to provide healthy food to its consumers that will promote well being. People are becoming socially conscious and prefer healthy foods rather than junk foods. Mainly the lifestyle and attitude of people affects the purchasing of products provided by Nestle (Dey 2016). Technological factors: the use of technology is increasing and capturing the major part of the market share. Nestle can use the technology for it benefit to promote the products in a global world. It also helps the company connect to its other branches in other countries. Information can be extracted from the use of technology that helps in research and development of a product (Dey 2016). Porters five forces Porters five forces model is used to analyze the competitive environment and the industry issues that is discusses as follows. Figure: Porter five forces (Source: E. Dobbs 2014). Threat of new entrants: the food and beverage company is very large and competitive in nature. Many industries enter the market to earn profit and gain a portion of market share. Nestle has an advantage as it is a long established industry that supplies high quality product. It has obtained a considerable portion of market share. Hence, it is difficult for the new industries to seize the market share of Nestle Company. The threat of new entrants is moderate for the organization (Coombs and Holladay 2012). Bargaining power of supplier: The Company has maintained a positive relationship with its suppliers. Nestle holds more bargaining power than it suppliers due to high purchasing power. The advice of nestle is beneficial for the suppliers as it helps them manage the work efficiently to minimize unnecessary cost (E. Dobbs 2014). Bargaining power of buyer: consumer bargaining power to purchase product is strong. The preference of consumers is influential due to presence of substitute products. Consumer satisfaction plays an important role for the company. Its main aim is to promote health and well-being of consumers (E. Dobbs 2014). Threat of substitute products: the products provided by the company have a threat from substitute of products. There are various substitute products available that increases the competition for the industry. The only way company can achieve competitive advantage is by improving the product that it provides (Rachet 2014). Industry rivalry: Nestle faces a strong competition from its rivals such as Kraft, Unilever and many more. The purpose of all the companies is to outperform each other in the global world. The nature of rivalry is fierce in food processing industry. This gives a power to consumers as they get a better product (E. Dobbs 2014). Nestle is in a competitive position due to its establishment and the product that it provides to its customers. The model depicts that nestle models a moderate threat from new entrants and substantial threat from substitute products (Rachet 2014). Threats and opportunities of Nestle Opportunities: The opportunities of Nestle Company are high credibility. It has a potential to expand to smaller towns as there are very less industries that like to provide goods in smaller towns. The other opportunities that the company has to expand its business are improving trends, industry leadership, increase in number of partners and diversity of products and offerings (Hill et al. 2014). Threats: The major threat that the company face is from its competitors. The prices of raw materials are also increasing that is increasing the threat for the company. the main rivals of the company are Kraft, Master foods and Unilever. The company has threats from the substitute products and bargaining power of buyers (Wolf 2014). Capability analysis Capabilities of Nestle Capability analysis helps in analyzing the power of the company to manage the scarce resource efficiently. The capabilities of the organization are used in many activities and sectors such as marketing, RD, management and, manufacturing. It is used to exchange information and knowledge through the human capital in specific functional areas (Hitt et al. 2012). Capabilities of nestle is discussed as follows: Distribution: the distribution sector of the company is very efficient as it transports 100,000 tones of products everyday from factories to consumers. The distribution channel of the company is managed to avoid emission of green house gases and protect the environment (Johnson et al. 2013). Human resources: the company employs 330,000 employees from all across the world. The company is involved in providing training to its employees to increase the performance of employees. Management information system: information technology manages the system efficiently. Marketing: the brand name of company is very famous whose target is to meet the taste of consumers. The advertisement technique of the company includes use of television, radio, newspaper and internet. Management: the company has a board of directors that is very efficient in their operations. The day-to-day working is handled by the executive board members and department heads (Sethi 2012). Manufacturing: the company is indulged in providing large and diversified products to its customers. RD: Nestle is the first company to sterilize milk site to develop milk products and processes. The product technology centre is expanded to boost the research and development. It helps in developing innovative technologies to manage the operations worldwide (Johnson et al. 2013). Strengths and weaknesses The main weakness of the Nestle Company is that it has large number of distribution channels. Lack of direct market reduces the profit of the organization. Less availability of raw materials increases the problem for the company. Its customers love the products provided by the company. It is a leader in innovation and renovation as it has engaged in developing many new products with health benefits for the customers (Sethi 2012). VRIO framework Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organization (VRIO) is a business tool that helps the industry develops strategies. VRIO analysis is an internal analysis tool that helps the industry analyze the internal strengths, weaknesses and resources. Figure: VRIO framework (Source: Johnson et al. 2013) Valuable: the first analysis is whether the use of resources adds the value to the firm in the sense that it helps the firms defend against threat or not. Resource are said to be valuable if the customer value increases. This is achieved by using the differentiation policy to provide the good at lower prices to customer (Ltkenhaus and de Freitas 2016). Rare: resources that are available to only few industries are said to rare. Since Nestle Company helps the farmers, so it gets the raw material that is fresh in nature. Imitate imitating the products that have been developed by other industries is costly if the company does not have proper access to resources and technology. Nestle is known for its innovation and renovation. Organized: the operations of the industry should be organized in order to capture value and increase the reputation of the company. Management of the organization is important in order to achieve competitive advantage (Ltkenhaus and de Freitas 2016). Competitive implication The competition of the food-processing unit is strong. The competitive position of Nestle Company is good due to strong establishment that the company has set. The consumers love the products that the company provides. The company is also successful in maintaining the brand loyalty. It is a leader in innovation and renovation. Its core competencies are the products that the company provides and the brand name that it has established (Babatunde and Adebisi 2012). Proposed strategy SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a business tool used to analyze the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the organization. Figure: SWOT analysis (Source: Soni 2015) Strengths: the company has a very long history of over 140 years. The operation of the company is spread across seventy-seven countries. It is considered as a leader in innovation as its RD activities very developed. The company is involved in providing a diverse range of products that is healthy and nutritious in nature. The CEO of the company is very efficient in its management of operations. The company has strong workforce of 330,000 employees that work to achieve and accomplish the goals and objectives of the organization (Nestle 2013). Weakness: the companys weaknesses are that it has a large distribution networks for products. The company sometimes lack in raw material especially during the time of low harvest or crop failure. The consumer research is less in few areas. The brand name and equity is hampered due to health-based products. The main weakness arises due to increase in tough competition from the food products. The company has threat of new entrant and threat from substitute products. Threats: the threat of the company is form its rivals or the competitors. The prices of raw material are also increasing that is increasing the threat for company. The main threat of the company is from substitute products produced by the other industries and threat from new entrants into the market (Nestle 2013). Opportunities: the company has the opportunity to expand in small towns. It is a well-known company with a strong brand name. The customers of the company are loyal due to the product that it provides to its customers. The products that are nutritious and health is gaining popularity due to which the demand for the products of Nestle is increasing. The company is ranked first in terms of leader of innovation and renovation in the global competitive environment (Soni 2015). Value chain analysis Value chain analysis is a technique used by the industries to evaluate the cost and the means to implement the strategy developed by the organization. The value chain of a firm is segregated into primary and support activities. Primary activities are concerned with firms distribution, sale, physical creation, service to buyers. Support activities are concerned with providing assistance to the industry to carry out primary activities (Fearne et al. 2012). The main objective of Nestle is to build trust among all its stakeholders by providing good quality products that is healthy. Merging as an efficient leader in a corporate world is essential and is a key to success. The emphasis of the company is to spread well being by providing nutritious product. Maintaining brand name is essential for the organization. The primary activities of Nestle include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales. The support activities include procurement, technological developm ent, human resource management and firm infrastructure (Nollet and Toldra 2015). Figure: Value chain analysis (Source: Fearne et al. 2012). Ansoffs Matrix The main aim of the business is to expand its operation. Ansoffs matrix explains the expansion of new or existing product in either new or existing market. Figure: Ansoffs matrix (Source: Grnig and Khn 2015). Nestle operates in a multidimensional market with diversification in products. Market penetration the company lowers the prices to sell them in the market. The strategy of the company to enter the market is to lower the price. The strategy of the company is to take the existing products into the new market to develop the market. Examples are company has launched Nescafe coffee in China. Product development strategy was used to expand its product lone especially in European market (Grnig and Khn 2015). The company has also diversified it product to cosmetic company such as LOreal. The main strategy of the company is market development and product development. Strategy evaluation SFA analysis SFA (Suitability, feasibility, acceptability) is an evaluation of the strategy proposed by the industry. SFA is a situational analysis framework that is objective oriented. The SFA analysis is used in managing the effectiveness of the organizational strategy. The strategic operation model is used to evaluate the success criteria that are based on suitability, feasibility and acceptability of a product or the company. Figure: SFA analysis (Source: FitzRoy et al. 2012) Suitability: suitability criteria are used to evaluate the rationale of the overall strategy. The key issue is to specify and evaluate the issues that the organization is likely to face after the implementation of the strategy. Rules that are used to evaluate suitability are ranking strategic options and decision tree (Shanbhag et al. 2016). Feasibility: feasibility is concerned with the availability of resources to implement the strategies developed by the firm. The resources include human capital, technology, funding, time, information and knowledge. Tools that are used to evaluate feasibility are break even analysis, cash flow analysis and resource deployment analysis (FitzRoy et al. 2012). Accessibility: acceptability is the expectation that the stakeholders of the organization from the strategies that the company has developed. The stakeholders of the organization are customers, employees and shareholders. Implementing strategies can be risky in nature, as the developed cannot predict the outcome and response of the stakeholders from the strategies. It can either be positive of negative (FitzRoy et al. 2012). Conclusion Formulation of strategy is not difficult but implementation of the strategies is difficult. The executive skills for the execution should be efficient to maintain the culture of the organization. Nestle is an international company that has gained superiority by achieving competitive advantage in today has globalised world. The main strategy adopted by the company is product differentiation strategy. The aim of the company is to provide the products that are differentiated based on price and quality. Company provides its customers the products that are healthy and nutritious. Nestle is one of the most innovative company that aims at emerging as a market leaders in the international market. The company was established in 1912 in Malaysia as a Swiss international company. Company realizes that it is very essential to spread brand awareness to expand the business. References Babatunde, B.O. and Adebisi, A.O., 2012. Strategic environmental scanning and organization performance in a competitive business environment.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,64(1), pp.24-34. Coombs, W.T. and Holladay, J.S., 2012. The paracrisis: The challenges created by publicly managing crisis prevention.Public Relations Review,38(3), pp.408-415. Dey, K., 2016. The fast food industry in the UK. Analysis of McDonalds with PESTEL, VRIN and Porter's Five Forces. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Fearne, A., Garcia Martinez, M. and Dent, B., 2012. Dimensions of sustainable value chains: implications for value chain analysis.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(6), pp.575-581. FitzRoy, P., Hulbert, J., Ghobadian, A. and O'Shannassy, T., 2012.Strategic management: the challenge of creating value. Routledge. Grnig, R. and Khn, R., 2015. Global Environmental Analysis. InThe Strategy Planning Process(pp. 89-96). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013.Exploring Strategy Text Cases. Pearson Higher Ed. Kabir, M., 2014. Internship report on Nestl Bangladesh Ltd. Ltkenhaus, D. and de Freitas, M.N., 2016. Strategic management applied to the Six-Sigma suitability appraisal for RD in FMCG companies.Revista iPecege,2(1). Moura, A., Branco, M. and Camoesas, M., 2015, June. Nestl, A Global Firm And Its Customer Relationships. InIMC 2015 International Management Conference 26th June 2015(p. 96). Nestle, M., 2013.Food politics: How the food industry influences nutrition and health(Vol. 3). Univ of California Press. Nestle.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com/randd/ourvision [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016]. Nollet, L.M. and Toldra, F. eds., 2015.Handbook of Food Analysis, -Two Volume Set. CRC Press. Rachet, B., 2014. PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces For Innocent Drinks Company.Docs. school Publications. Sethi, S.P., 2012.Multinational corporations and the impact of public advocacy on corporate strategy: Nestle and the infant formula controversy(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M.L. and Bagwe, S., 2016. Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Soni, K.R., 2015. A comparative study of swot of cadbury India LTD and nestle India LTD. Wolf, J., 2014. The relationship between sustainable supply chain management, stakeholder pressure and corporate sustainability performance.Journal of business ethics,119(3), pp.317-328. Yksel, I., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), p.52. Competitive implication

Software Documentation

Introduction Software engineering is a concept that has received significant recognition as a result of the massive increase in technological advancement around the world. Many engineers engage in processes of designing software that is essential at both individual and corporate level. Some of these processes call for particular approaches in ensuring that the specifications of what is designed to meet the standards and needs of customers (Davis, 1990).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Software Documentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addressing this concern, it has been noted that the notion of software documentation should not be underestimated as it plays core roles in software engineering. This research paper analyses the concept of software documentation by focusing on the sub field of software requirements as applied in software design. Documentation Software documentation refers to a writt en text which usually accompanies most computer software after they have been designed. In essence, software documentation serves an informative role in explaining how particular software work or how to use in performing different tasks (Wiegers, 2003). As result, software documentation differentiates the functionality of given software depending on the roles being performed by an individual. When talking about software documentation, one has to consider a number of things. In other words, there are basic things which define documentation or, which have to be present for it to serve its rightful purpose effectively. For instance, documentation contains software features, which are core in understanding how the software operates. What are features? A feature is simply a service normally provided by a given system with an aim of satisfying the needs of stakeholders, which could be one or more (Hartman, Proeme Matthes, 1968). In other words, the intended use of the software is usually linked to the specific features of software to be designed. In understanding software documentation, it has been argued that there are several software requirements that are equally important and need to be considered in ensuring efficiency. What is a requirement? From a general perspective, a requirement refers to something, which is crucial and essential for the existence or occurrence of another. In our daily lives, it is sometimes hard or impossible to write down what people have been saying or describe how far a particular process has come.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Are features and requirements similar? The two are distinctively different although many people confuse them. Within the context of software documentation, a feature is represented graphically with an abstract use case. This differs from software requirement as it is represented graphically with a concrete use case. Use cases simply refer to the description of certain steps or actions between a user, also known as actor and a software system, which leads the user towards realizing something useful being searched. Whatever that is found is also referred to as a restaurant (Satzinger, Jackson Burd, 2008). The most significant point about use cases is that they help in determining features to be implemented and how certain errors can be improved. Due to the importance of software requirements, the process of determining them has to be effective in order to realize desired results. As such, determination of requirements is always under certain regulations and guidelines that are core in obtaining a given goal. The first rule is being sensitive to political and organizational considerations (Satzinger, Jackson Burd, 2008). This has been found to promote gaining of respect. In practical, it involves identifying and consulting all stakeholders in order to maintain the move ment of things in a positive and productive direction. Additionally, identifying domain constraints is important since system problems are never found at the end but in the beginning. Moreover, good results are obtained through various options. It is essential to collect requirements from various stances and perspective in order to realize good outcomes, which require appreciation. To achieve this demand and have it in practice, it is worth being open minded as it augments the overall well being of many things that are equally significant. To achieve this, requirements of the source have to be met for the entire process to be productive (Satzinger, Jackson Burd, 2008). In this case, one has to be clear and precise for the purpose to avoid confusion. In addition, understanding the feasibility of the system has to be observed. Certain questions have to be asked, and answers looked for in order to determine the likelihood of meeting the system target. One has to step aside and imagine the possibilities of the elicitation and the abstract analysis of the entire project. In using elicitation techniques to determine software requirements, it is necessary for one to include interviews and questionnaires in order to have a wider range of information from respondents. Many people prefer interviews and consider them better than questionnaires.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Software Documentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In adopting this method, it is paramount to think within the line of participation and involvement of other people in the design process. Workshop costs may be also factored in order to brainstorm and reconstruct ideas. Some of the practical approaches that could be important to include prototyping, casing, story boards and role playing (Wiegers, 2003). From the enumeration of these requirement guidelines, it is important to appreciate the changing mode and rate o f software engineering. Because of the rapid changes being experienced, most software are becoming complex and large, thus calling for an evolutionary approach (Clements, 2003). This means that software requirements are expected to change due to the ever-changing technology in the world. By the fact that software knowledge is obtained through development, changes in the needs of users and transformation of the environment are inevitable. Furthermore, software requirements ensure that there is verification and the testing process. Together with prototyping and meetings, there are also focus groups, observation, and other scenarios. Importantly, software documentation approaches combine user stories, use cases and specifications, which are different in nature. By prioritizing the value, this implies that the system can maximally make use of up to 80% of the requirements documented (Wiegers, 2003). On the other hand, brainstorming tends to refine idea reduction and idea generation whic h in turn help in identifying the requirements needed for completion. Moreover, being able to evaluate the problem and synthesize a workable solution is a major area to be determined. Besides these determination guidelines, specification involves a number of steps, which include but not limited to classifying requirements, conceptual modeling, prioritizing requirements, requirements allocation, negotiation and architectural design. However, in carrying out all these steps, it is important to have documentation in mind. Documentation is done both verbally and graphically (Davis, 1990). For verbal documentation, there is an immediate opportunity to get feedback and clarification. It, therefore, promotes clarification and gaining of important knowledge through meetings and organized workshops. Furthermore, verbal approach provides enough ideas about problems and strategies, which could be applied in dealing with the problem at hand.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, graphical documentation involves story boards and role playing, conceptual graphs and goal means network. Certain models like the use of model and domain model are the different ways of gathering important information and going through the elicitation process. The benefit of these designs is that they allow clarification and easy â€Å"checking off† throughout the process of design. Usage models allow the designer to clearly understand how users will interact with the system while meeting their demands (Davis, 1990). This is quite important in comprehending their needs and how to improve them in order to meet their needs in totality. Similarly, domain modeling usually involves business units and the existing relationship between them. In this regard, user Interface models integrate part of the software with which users directly interact with. The most important thing about this model is that it allows the designer to understand the entire domain of the expe ctations of stakeholders concerning the User Interface. As noted before, the exercise of collecting and gathering the requirements of a given system through its users and stakeholders is what constitutes to elicitation specification. This is sometimes referred to as requirements gathering. This process is wide enough and requires more steps in order to realize a thorough assessment process (Wiegers, 2003). For instance, workshops are held with certain individuals and stakeholders as a way of attributing outside thoughts and ideas. This concept is dealt with by software engineers who specialize in elicitation specification and validation. As such, people can only come together through a set of guidelines of requirement specifications. Some of these include but not limited to brainstorming, role-playing and general viewpoints from several people (Clements, 2003). Notably, a requirement of elicitation is usually specified as a list of core points, covering many aspects of the software and assist in the process of formulating, documentation and specification (Wiegers, 2003). The specification side includes the possibility of the system penetrating to far places and the development of its functions. A complete description of the system to be developed is normally contained in the activity in which the document is generated. During specification communication, there are specified subjects to be put into consideration. These include but not limited to external processes, performance requirements, functional requirements, software system attributes, and logical database requirements (Clements, 2003). Furthermore, defining the problems that have to be solved with the systems is always the leading goal behind every process. To realize high-quality solutions, it is important for one to have the ability to elicit, communicate and finally document. Additionally, the involvement of everybody in gathering of documents and in communicating software requirements to all partici pants is of immense significance during the entire project life cycle (Davis, 1990). For instance, there has to be the delegation of duties to allow efficiency and collection of relevant information within the shortest time. Some of the areas to be considered during delegation include market opportunities, problems and software challenges, software solution implementation, project analyst and an executive sponsor (Aurum Wohlin, 2005). For the case of the analyst, he or she must evaluate the overall flow and structure of the information to be sourced, refine functional problems, discover the bonds of the design and set the properties of the system. These tasks are important in discovering the problem before deciding on a global solution that offers a holistic response. Others who are equally important in the requirement process are IT experts, business users, technical leaders, requirements engineer and testing specialists. Every person has a role to play in requirement elicitation. The facilitator keeps all organized meetings going. He makes crucial announcements, controls conduct of participants, and establishes rules necessary for smooth flow of meetings (Hartman, Proeme Matthes, 1968). In case some of the people miss with critical requirements, critical software requirements get affected. Two approaches, therefore, have to be adopted. These are evolutionary approach and technical approach. Evolutionary approaches mainly deal with success, i.e. all critical users within the overall engineering process. On the other hand, the traditional approach is a dictator to the developer while users are allowed to work jointly with an aim of developing shared ideas (Hartman, Proeme Matthes, 1968). In analyzing the concept of software documentation, it is paramount to consider the numerous benefits of requirements elicitation, specification and its documentation. Requirement process is essential in determining success and quality of a system that is under development (Clements, 2003). During the stage of elicitation requirements, the needs of the clients are identified and are important in creating requirements that affect all the parties. Thorough description of system requirements is also important based on its functionality; it would show possible errors for the analyst to go back, and fix before the project is moved to the next step of development. Lastly, documentation of requirements allows all past stages to be brought together and presented to the client for further processes of advancing the project (Hartman, Proeme Matthes, 1968). It is therefore, worth noting that client requirements are essential in order to achieve goals in system development. They give a plan for software requirements to adopt and its specifications always encompass requirements from customers, users and stakeholders. References Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (2005). Engineering and managing software requirements. New York City: Springer. Clements, P. (2003). Documenting software architectures: views and beyond. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional. Davis, A. (1990). Software requirements: analysis and specification. Michigan: Prentice Hall. Hartman, W. Proeme, A., Matthes, H. (1968). Management information systems handbook: analysis, requirements determination, design and development, implementation and evaluation. New York City: Mcgraw-Hill. Satzinger, J., Jackson, R., Burd, S. (2008).Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World. Stamford, Connecticut, U.S: Cengage Learning. Wiegers, K. (2003). Software requirements: practical techniques for gathering and managing requirements throughout the product development cycle. New York City: Microsoft Press. This research paper on Software Documentation was written and submitted by user Nathalie Hawkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.